MANUAL OF THE USER

EFEBIN
Ephemeris of Binary
v. 2002


Introduction:

     Congratulations for use EFEBIN.
     Because in the market of the freeware, EFEBIN is the only software 
programmed by an Amateur Astronomer and directed to Amateurs 
Astronomers.
     The author of EFEBIN has as only objective to divulge, at amateur level, 
the observation of double stars.

    EFEBIN is not a commercial product. End of lucre doesn't exist.

     Its principal function is to calculate, in binary stars, the relative   
position of one of the stars regarding the other one, for one or more dates, and 
shows a graph with the location of those stars; also it let draw the apparent 
relative orbits. As complement, it offers an idea of the physical characteristics 
of each star, it offers a small but complete double stars' course with animated 
graphics, it gives a table with astronomical constant, starting from 5 
measurements it calculates the form and orientation of the orbit in the space, it 
corrects the timed time of a measurement get by the method of Danjon, it 
calculate elemental Statistics of an Observation with the "Chronometric 
Micrometer", and list select binary systems of the firmament.

     EFEBIN02 is a calculation program written in Turbo Pascal v 7.0, later on 
compiled.  It works in any version of D.O.S. and Windows.

     EFEBIN02 is part of a package of 27 (twenty-seven) files, in their 
majority auxiliary files and manuals. 
They are:
* EFEBIN02.EXE: Program of principal calculation. Executable.
* FB02AUX.TPU: auxiliary file of EFEBIN02. Important.
* Efebin2002.ICO: Icon of EFEBIN02.
* Readme.TXT: Succinct description of EFEBIN02, for D.O.S.
* Register Free - Efebin2002.TXT: Application of Registration, for D.O.S.
* Register Free - Efebin2002.DOC: Application of Registration, for Windows.
* Manual of the Users - Efebin2002.TXT: Descriptive manual of EFEBIN02, 
for D.O.S.
* Manual of the Users - Efebin2002.DOC: Descriptive manual of EFEBIN02, 
for Windows (this file).
* NOTABLES.DOC: file with complete data of 25 remarkable double stars.
* NOTABLES.FBN: file with coordinates and magnitudes of the 25 remarkable 
double stars (format D.O.S.)  used by EFEBIN02.EXE
* CURSO.FBN:  file with the text of the course of binary stars (format D.O.S.) 
and used by EFEBIN02.EXE
* ORBITBIN.FBN:  Database (orbits) used by EFEBIN02.EXE.
* ORBITBIN.OLD:  Database (orbits) used by EFEBIN02.EXE. (backup)
* DATOSBIN.FBN:  Database (coordinates) used by EFEBIN02.EXE.
* DATOSBIN.OLD:  Database (coordinates) used by EFEBIN02.EXE 
(backup)
* GRAPH.TPU: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* ATT.BGI: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* CGA.BGI: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* EGAVGA.BGI: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* HERC.BGI: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* IBM8514.BGI: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* PC3270.BGI: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* SVGA256.BGI: file Assistant for graphic mode.
* GOTH.CHR: file Assistant for source mode.
* LITT.CHR: file Assistant for source mode.
* SANS.CHR: file Assistant for source mode.
* TRIP.CHR: file Assistant for source mode.

It notices: if during the execution of EFEBIN v.2002, the program 
concludes unexpectedly during the layout of some graph ("Ephemeris and 
Graphics of orbits of Binary Systems" or the animated graphics of the "Course 
of Binary and Multiple Systems"), it is suggested to change the 
property of the graphic files, only disabling "read only". If the problem 
persists, contact with the author.



Use Mode:
The program EFEBIN02 only works with the keyboard, therefore it is 
recommended not to hurry to press any key except explicit indication in the 
inferior part of the screen (dark green color in mode text).

Important:   to choose an option of any menu, it should enter the number or 
corresponding letter in uppercase, for that which should fix Uppercase (to 
press the key Caps Lock) or Shift + Key.

Structures and operation:
To write EFEBIN02 in D.O.S. or to make its double click with the mouse in 
Explorer of Windows from the Windows, the program begins with a 
presentation screen. After pressing any key, appears a welcome and 
immediately under it spreads the "Main Menu", of which we should choose an 
option pressing one of the keys 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,S:

MAIN MENU
1 - Ephemeris and Graphics of orbits of Binary Systems
2 - List of Binary Notables
3 - Course of Binary and Multiple Systems
4 - Physical Parameters of Binary Systems
5 - Astronomical, Physical and Mathematical Constants
6 - Calculation of Orbital Elements (Method of Glasenapp-Kowalsky)
7 - Correction of the timed time by the method of Danjon
8 - Elemental Statistics of an Observation with the "Chronometric Micrometer"
X - Exit

        As in option 1 like as in option 4 , the Data Base Menu appears:

DATABASE MENU
C - Create new files (" orbitbin.fbn ", " datosbin.fbn " and its copies backup)
R - Recover (" orbitbin.fbn " and " datosbin.fbn " from their copies backup)
V - See all the data of the Binary Systems, one per Time 
T - See celestial coordinates and magnitudes, format List (option to print)
B - Search a Binary System (to choose) - Sub menu
I - Input data temporarily
O - Sort files of Binary Systems - Sub menu
A - Add a Binary System to the database
E - Eliminate a Binary System of the database
M - Modify a Binary System of the database
X - Create copy of " orbitbin.fbn " and " datosbin.fbn " like text file
P - previous Page

   C:  It initializes the files database orbitbin.fbn"(save orbital elements) 
and " datosbin.fbn " (save equatorial celestial coordinates and magnitudes) and 
their copies backup with extension .old. Here they are entered, for the first 
time, the data of the double stars; Efebin02 however already give the four files 
initialized with the information corresponding to the 25 binary systems of the 
option 2 of the Main Menu. These, of course, can be re-initialized if the user 
wants it.
   R:  Because Efebin02 carry out save a copy backup of the files database  
without modifying (they are saved with extension .old) every time before that 
the user carry out some change in them (options A, E, M), being this change 
registered in the new " orbitbin.fbn " and " datosbin.fbn ", this user can invest 
the extension of these files and use the old database pressing the key R. 
   V:  It allows to see all the data together, orbital and coordinates elements 
with magnitudes, one per time, that is to say a binary system for screen.
   T: Under format table, it allows to see the Number of Order that 
each binary system has in the two files orbitbin.fbn and datosbin.fbn, the 
equatorial celestial coordinates, the magnitudes and the names. From this 
table we will obtain the references to search some binary system (option B).
   B: We go to a Sub-menu of Search; with this option we determine what 
double star we want to predict or to get a graphic (option 1) or of which we 
want to obtain an idea of the physical characteristics (option 4)

     METHOD OF SEARCH MENU
        1 - Search for Number of Order
        2 - Search for Name of the Binary System
        3 - Search for Right Ascension 
        4 - Search for Declination
        R - to Return


    I:    We enter the orbital elements of a binary system from the keyboard and 
to be used, alone in a session, for the option 1 or 4 of the Main Menu; then, 
because that information not being recorded in the database, those data will 
lost.
   O:   We go to a Sub-menu of Sort, advisable for the table of  the option T.

     METHOD OF SORT MENU
        1 - Sort for Name of the Binary System
        2 - Sort for Right Ascension
        R - Return

   A:  We add the data, orbital elements and coordinates with magnitudes, of 
a double star.
A copy backup is created (extension .old) of the database before adding the 
data, if we are not to pleasure with the carried out change.
   E:   We eliminate the data, orbital and coordinates elements with 
magnitudes, of a double star from the database.
A copy backup is created (extension .old) of the database before adding the 
data, if we are not to pleasure with the carried out change.
   M:   We modify the orbital elements and/or (to choose) the coordinates with 
magnitudes, of a double star from the database.
A copy backup is created (extension .old) of the database before adding the 
data, if we are not to pleasure with the carried out change.
   X:  because the files " orbitbin.fbn " and " datosbin.fbn " are binary files, we 
will be able to convert them to the type text pressing the key X: then it are 
created new files denominated " orbitbin.xls " and " datosbin.xls " that will be 
able to be read from any editor of texts.
   P: return to the previous Page.


Let us remember:

MAIN MENU
1 - Ephemeris and Graphics of orbits of Binary Systems
2 - List of Binary Notables
3 - Course of Binary and Multiple Systems
4 - Physical Parameters of Binary Systems
5 - Astronomical, Physical and Mathematical Constants
6 - Calculation of Orbital Elements (Method of Glasenapp-Kowalsky)
7 - Correction of the timed time by the method of Danjon
8 - Elemental Statistics of an Observation with the "Chronometric Micrometer"
X - Exit

   1:   we should choose one of the binary stars of the database; we can search it 
in the table (T) and then to choose it (B), or to enter it manually (I) 
(if you don't know anything of orbital elements, it is advisable to leave from the 
section (I) and go to the option 3 of the Main Menu). Let us select the 
star, for example the Number of Binary 10 (Alpha Centauri); then we go to a 
third menu:

     MENU EPHEMERIS AND GRAPHICS OF ORBITS
     U - Ephemeris and graph of Binary Systems (one prediction)
     T - Table of Ephemeris of Binary Systems (more than one prediction)
     G - Graphics of orbits of Binary Systems
     P - to Return to the Main menu


     U:   The program requests us the date in U.T.  (Universal time). We 
enter the values in the suitable form:
               year [ENTER] month [ENTER] day [ENTER] hour [ENTER]
          For example:
             2002 [ENTER] 9 [ENTER] 15 [ENTER] 18 [ENTER].
   EFEBIN02 make honor of their reason of existing, to calculate the PA and 
AS of the binary system for the date (to see option 3 of the Main Menu), 
throwing the values:
                                      AP = 225 40' 4.39"
                                             SA = 12.23"
   after requesting five parameters (to see option G), it shows a graph with 
the relative position of the component B regarding the component A.
     T:   The program asks us first if we will want to print the table of 
predictions. Immediately it requires the initial date in T.U., the interval among 
each date of the chart, and the number of predictions.
            For example:
        2002 [ENTER] 0 [ENTER] 0 [ENTER] 0 [ENTER]
                             0.5 [ENTER] 5 [ENTER].
   To see the screen.
   If like interval between each date we enter 0 (zero) and if like the number of 
predictions we enter 1 (one), we are in the case of a single prediction (U).
     G:   EFEBIN02 ask five values that they define the graph of the apparent 
relative orbit, but it recommends some for the neophyte; obviously those five 
data can will be change.  If we enter the orbital elements through the 
option (I) of the Menu database, EFEBIN02 give values 0 (zero) in the first 
three cases, and we should go proving some.
   It is necessary to highlight that the graph really corresponds to the 
apparent relative orbit, each point is exactly an orderly couple 
(PA,AS) true, calculated using the same formula that the one used for the 
option U and T.
   How to Print Graphics: this option is not included in EFEBIN02, but it can 
be carry out in an indirect way:   with the binary star's graph in screen,  
press the key "Print Screen" ("Impr Pant"), open any program 
of treatment of images (example, Paint of Microsoft), paste the image (press the 
keys simultaneously CTRL - V), and then print the graph (press the keys 
simultaneously CTRL - P).  To print, it is suggested to change the color of 
background from black to white.  

   2:   List of binary systems for the amateur astronomers that, in the event 
of possessing a telescope, want to observe double stars.

   3:   Small but complete binary stars' course, with animated graphics and 
explanatory drawings, definitions and abundant examples, serious and actual 
bibliography and links to look for pages in Internet. It is recommends to those 
people that want to take their first steps in Binary Stars and to the beginners in 
the matter that they want to use with success at EFEBIN02. The course of 
binary stars shows defined structures: first it exposes the text, and later it shows 
the animated graphics and drawings.  An advice: press any key to continue only 
when the program requests it explicitly in the inferior part of the screen.

   4:   we should choose one of the binary stars of the database; we can look 
for it in the table (T) and then to choose it (B), or to enter it manually (I) 
(if you don't know anything of orbital elements, it is advisable to leave the 
section (I) and go to the option 3 of the Main Menu).
Let us select the star, for example the Number of Order 10 (Alpha Centauri); 
then we go to a third menu:
     - First, we should enter the distance unit with which will express the 
distance to the system, let us choose 4( parsec, see the table at the right side) 
and we press [ENTER],
      - Second, we should enter this distance, in our example it is, approximately, 
1.35 (parsec) and we press [ENTER],
     - Third, we should enter the visual apparent magnitude of each component, 
we write 0.14 [ENTER] 1.24[ENTER],
     - Fourth, we should enter the effective superficial temperature of each 
star, continuing with the example, 6000 [ENTER] 4570 [ENTER].
     - see the screen.
The numeric results are approximate and only they try to give a basic idea of 
this magnitudes. They are:
     - Combined Mag, is the magnitude (shine) of the total system, 
       considered as a single star.
     - Apa Orb Ecc, apparent orbital eccentricity, that is to say, it is the 
       eccentricity of the apparent relative orbit.
     - Ind Col, is the called Index of Color.
-	Mag Abs, the Absolute Magnitude of the star.
-	Radius, the star's radius.   
-  Mass, the star's mass.
     - Dens, the star's density.
     - Stefan-Boltzman, density of radiation energy.
     - Emitted Lumin, brightness emitted by the star.
     - Received Lumin, brightness of the star received in the Earth.
     - Wien, law of the displacement.
     - Planck, law of the radiation.
                     The physical concept of each one of the terms mentioned 
up, and that it overturns EFEBIN02, it can be in any text of Elementary 
Astronomy and Physics.  Here they don't gives because it is not the specific 
function of the calculation program in question.

   5:    Small table with the astronomical, physical and mathematical constants 
of more frequent use for those amateur of the Astronomy.

   6:   This new option allows to calculate the Orbital Elements of a Binary 
System starting from measurements, and it is based on the Method of 
Glasenapp-Kowalsky that it appears published in the book "The Binary Stars", 
of Robert G. Aitken (chapter IV).
For it, five (5) measurements should be entered, that is to say 5 relative 
positions (5 couples of PA and AS), and then other two (2) measurements more 
than they can be anyone of 5 previously entered (it is recommended that the 
difference in PA among the two measurements will be smaller at 45).
The obtained result is really very approximate, but to understand of the author 
and suggestion of many users of EFEBIN98 (previous version of EFEBIN02), 
the calculation wake up a lot of interest and expectations among the amateurs, 
reason for which has been opted to include it. It is hoped to refine the method 
in future versions of EFEBIN.

   7:   This new option carry out a correction to the observation of a binary 
star, suggested by Danjon in his book "Astronomie Gnrale" (pg. 42): 
when the amateur carry out a measurements of the Angular Separation of a 
double star using the "Chronometric Method" (see the Bibliography), he doesn't 
keep in mind that the displacement of the stars in the sky is not rectilinear, 
because they describe a small curve, then it is necessary to make a small 
correction at the timed time.

  8: This new option is included exclusively for those amateurs that are devoted 
to observe double stars with the "Chronometric Micrometer", and basically it 
can calculates the statistic errors of the series of measurements carried out with 
this method. The program requests the Declination of the binary system at the 
moment to carry out the observation, in the format gg [ENTER] mm [ENTER] 
ss.ss [ENTER], then it should enter the quantity of Position Angle measured 
and the quantity of timed times, later the angle of rotation of the reticle (to 
make the taking of timing) in degrees and, lastly, the PA and t measured. After 
entering the last timed time, t, EFEBIN gives the PA and AS average with its 
respective statistical errors and, if you wants it, you can visualize the auxiliary 
calculations that allow arrive to these results.   

   S: To leave EFEBIN02.

If you find to this program of your pleasure, and you wants to help the 
author to improve EFEBIN in future versions, you can Register Gratuitously 
and to obtain benefits, simply sending your opinions, critical and suggestions. 
To see the file Register Gratis Free - Efebin2002.DOC or Register Free - 
Efebin2002.TXT.

Remember:
    - EFEBIN is not a commercial product.
    - End of lucre doesn't exist.
    - The author of EFEBIN has as only objective to divulge, at amateur level, 
the observation of double stars.

About the Author:
name: Alejandro Eduardo Russo
e-mail:  aerusso@yahoo.com
address: Buenos Aires, Argentina.

To download all the versions of EFEBIN gratuitously, to learn how to measure 
Binary Stars, to see amateur astronomers' measurements from all the world, to 
observe astronomical photograph, etc., visit the web site "Binary Stars":     

http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Runway/8879
or
http://www.geocities.com/estrellasbinarias ( the same site )
or
http://www.astrored.net/binary-stars ( the same site )

Thank you for your interest in EFEBIN !!! .
